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How we show our work

Defensibility you can check.

Almost every vendor calls their work "traceable" and "auditable." Few can show what that means in practice. These four techniques are what it means in ours, and each one comes from an engagement we've delivered.

01

Evidence ledgers

From our program analysis sites
See the case study
The problem

A claim without a receipt is a marketing statement. When a reviewer asks "how do you know," the answer shouldn't be "the analyst said so."

How it works

Every quantitative claim on a program analysis site is backed by a structured ledger entry colocated with the component that displays it. The entry captures the exact claim text, a confidence level (HIGH, MODERATE, or LOW), and a reproducible source, usually a SQL query against the warehouse. Before release, a verification pass reruns the ledgered numbers against the database. Entries that can't be rerun are marked pending in the ledger, and we correct any that don't match.

optomechanics-claim · colocated with the section component
claim_id: china_optomechanics_share
claim: "China accounts for 36.9% of optomechanics publication share."
confidence: HIGH
sources:
  - type: database_query
    database: supabase
    table: program_citations
    query: |
      SELECT country, COUNT(DISTINCT citing_doi) AS papers
      FROM program_citations
      WHERE research_community = 'optomechanics'
      GROUP BY country
      ORDER BY papers DESC;
    expected_results:
      china_share: 0.369
02

Cited versus inferred labeling

From the Andrew W. Marshall Foundation archive
See the case study
The problem

AI output looks the same whether it came from a verified source or a fabrication. A researcher reading an AI summary has no way to tell what the archive actually says and what the model guessed.

How it works

Every citation in the archive console is a direct quote from a source PDF, with its page range and a link to the original document. When an answer reasons past its sources, it says so in prose, and the reasoning carries no citation number. Figures carry the same distinction. A mark that rests on a cited passage is drawn solid. A mark the model inferred is drawn hollow with a dashed outline. A careful reader can always tell what the archive says from what the model extrapolated.

visual contract in the archive console
Cited
quoted from an archive PDF
Inferred
reasoned by the model
chat citations: 1 quoted passage, page range, link to the PDF  ·  inference is stated in prose, without a citation number
03

Delegation contracts

From the Georgetown Wicked Problems Lab
See the case study
The problem

An AI that's eager to give the answer is a terrible teaching tool. It's also a terrible decision-support tool in any setting where the human has to own the call.

How it works

The Georgetown platform runs a delegation contract written directly into the code. The AI cannot verify assumptions. It cannot define success criteria. It cannot advance the team past a phase gate. Those gates are PL/pgSQL stored procedures — the database itself enforces the constraint, not a hope that the model will behave. The contract is small. The effect is large. It changes the whole shape of what the product is for.

src/lib/orchestrator/delegation-contract.ts
export const DELEGATION_CONTRACT = {
  // The AI observes and assists. The human decides.
  canVerifyAssumptions: false,
  canDefineSuccessCriteria: false,
  canAdvancePhaseGate: false,

  // Gates are enforced at the database layer, not in application code,
  // so no agent can call its way past them.
  gateEnforcement: 'plpgsql_stored_procedure',
} as const;
04

Checked quotes and scored judgments

From Deepfield
See the case study
The problem

A model can cite a source that doesn't say what it claims. And an assessment that says "likely" never finds out whether it was right.

How it works

Every statement in a Deepfield assessment either cites a source passage with a verbatim quote or is marked as the system's own inference. Each quote is checked mechanically against the run's frozen source snapshot. A quote missing from the passage it cites goes back to the model, and if it still fails, the run fails. Each key judgment is backed by dated, checkable propositions. Their forecasts go into a hash-chained ledger before the answer can be known, and they're scored when the date arrives. Our analysts review the key judgments by hand against the sources before the assessment goes out.

Illustrative example: one key judgment and what backs it
key_judgment KJ-2: "Competitor X ships a rival system within the horizon"
  probability: likely (analyst judgment, not scored)   confidence: moderate
  rationale:
    "X has begun pilot production"
      cites passage P-118  quote: "pilot production began in March"
      check: quote found word for word in the frozen snapshot
    "X is likely to prioritize this line over its legacy product"
      judgment: true   (marked as inference, no citation)
  backed by proposition PR-7:
    "X announces general availability before 2027-06-30"
    settled by: X's press releases   knowable_at: 2027-06-30
    forecast: 0.64 (median of 5 draws), committed to the ledger, seq 4182
    resolution: pending   score: when it resolves
Illustrative. The names, quotes and numbers are made up to show the shape of the record.

"Defensible" is either a claim or a property of the work. In ours, it's a property of the work.

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